Cancer
How far have we come in our fight against cancer? The not-so-good news is that the risk of developing some form of the disease is one in every four women. However, the good news is that we now have screening for some of the more common types. The following is a summary of the more prevelent types that affect women today.
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is still the leading cause of cancer deaths in women, with 70% of cases occurring in women over 50. Factors that affect the risk of this type of cancer include:
· Age
· Use of oral contraception
· Use of hormone replacement therapy
· Family history
· Late menopause
· Early menstruation
· Not having children
Cervical Cancer
A Pap smear every 2 years would prevent 85% of cervical cancer cases. This particular cancer develops slowly and often displays few or no signs. Risk factors that may affect cervical cancer are smoking and age. In some cases, removal of the abnormal cells or surgery is necessary.
Ovarian Cancer
Most cases of ovarian cancer occur in women over 55. Risk factors may include:
· Age
· Infertility
· Smoking
· Family history
· Not having children
There are no accurate diagnostic methods available for routine screening yet, so over 50% of all women have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Symptoms vary, and are often vague because the cancer cells grow for a time without causing pain or problems. Surgery may be necessary.
Uterine Cancer
Again, most cases of uterine cancer occur in women over 50, with the risk factors resembling ovarian cancer. Symptoms are often abnormal vaginal bleeding, and may include pain during intercourse or urination and weight loss. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy or hormone therapy.
Treatment
As there is no known cure for cancer, prevention by way of a healthy lifestyle is our best option. Preventative measures include:
· Exercise on a regular basis
· Follow a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
· Mammography screening/ Regular breast examinations – studies indicate that early detection usually results in successful treatment. Watch for lumps, discharge from the nipple, rash or pain, and any change in skin colour or shape.
· Pap smear every 2 years
· Maintain a healthy weight
· Avoid exposure to the sun
· Reduce alcohol intake
· Quit smoking
· Use relaxation techniques to counter stress